Hysterosalpingographic Findings in Patients with Infertility in South Eastern Nigeria

Background:Hysterosalpingography (HSG) is still an integral part of gynecological evaluation of infertile couple and its value has not been underestimated in moderngynecological practice; especially in developing countries. The study aims to evaluate the findings at HSG in patients presenting with infertility at the Ebonyi State University Teaching Hospital;Abakaliki; Southeastern Nigeria. A retrospective analysis of 100 consecutive HSG results of patients presenting with infertility was done between January 2005-April 2008. Their clinical records and radiological findings were analyzed for demographic data; and cervical; uterine and tubal; pathology. Results: The commonest age group was between 25 -34 years. Sixty-five percent presented with secondary infertility while 35presented with secondary infertility. Hysterosalpingographic findings were abnormal in 80of patients (primary infertility 20and secondary infertility 60). Bilateral tubal blockage and bilateral fimbrial adhesion were the commonest tubal factor abnormalities while intracavitary mass impression and cervical synechia were the commonest findings for uterine and cervical factor abnormalities respectively. Conclusion:Tubal blockage and tubal factor infertility are still common among infertile couples. This may probably be due to chronic pelvic inflammatory disease or pelvic infection following sexually transmitted infections; mismanaged pregnancies and septic abortions; as most of the patients presented with secondary infertility. Measures to prevent the occurrence of these infections are highlighted

Impact of demographic and psychosocial factors on hysterosalpingography pain and discomfort

Background: Hysterosalpingography (HSG) is an important diagnostic procedure in the investigation of infertility. It is the radiographic delineation of uterine and tubal cavities and is part of the diagnostic evaluation of conjugal infertility.1 This diagnostic procedure is associated with high levels of anxiety, pain and stress from various causes. This study was designed to investigate the impact of demographic and psychosocial factors on HSG pain and discomfort. Method: One hundred hysterosalpingography referrals were recruited for this study. Verbal detector scales were used to assess pain perception, Likert scales were used to assess the psychosocial variables, while visual analogue scales were used to assess discomfort. Pearson's correlations were conducted. Tests were two-tailed, with p < 0.05 indicating statistical significance. Results: Some of the patients (34%) indicated that the administration of analgesics prior to the procedure reduced the pain and discomfort associated with the procedure. Mean ± standard deviation of pain and discomfort were 2.82 ± 0.77 and 6.36 ± 2.19 respectively. Age correlated signifi cantly with pain perception (r = -0.22, P < 0.05), while pain correlated signifi cantly with perception of discomfort(r = -0.46, P < 0.05). Conclusion: Age signifi cantly correlated with pain. This is a factor that could be harnessed for clinical use

Diagnostic de la situation

L'infertilite etant une situation qui concerne l'homme et la femme; son investigation implique le couple et il est souhaitable de voir les deux conjoints en consultation. Car leur interrogatoire faciliterait le diagnostic. A cela s'ajoute les tests simples et de routine de l'infertilite pouvant etre effectues au premier niveau des soins